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SwiftWill

UK will guides for England and Wales

Quick answer

Start with how to make a will in the UK, then how to sign, who can witness, and whether an online will is legal. Then read intestacy if you have no will, or the solicitor check if your estate is not straightforward. Skip this hub if you already know the URL you need.

Which guide should you read first?

If you have not made a will yet, start with how to make a will in the UK. If you are about to sign, open how to sign a will and who can witness. If you have no will, open intestacy rules. If you are choosing a provider, open will cost and do I need a solicitor. Skip the rest until those are settled.

Every guide reaches a verdict and names who should skip it. Figures are sourced and dated. The method is at how we write will guides.

Making and signing a will

  • How to make a will UKHow to make a will in the UK: online in 15 minutes for £35, or a free template. Signing, cost, and when a solicitor is required.
  • How to sign a willSign in wet ink with two independent witnesses present together. Section 9 Wills Act 1837, step by step, plus who must not witness.
  • Will signing checklistPrintable Wills Act 1837 signing checklist: two witnesses, wet ink, one room. Who must not witness, and the mistakes that void a will.
  • Who can witness a will?Independent adults aged 18+. Beneficiaries and their spouses must not witness — the gift fails under Wills Act s.15.
  • Can this person witness my will?Answer four questions to see if someone can legally witness your will in England and Wales — age, gifts, spouses, and presence.
  • Is an online will legal?Yes, if signed and witnessed correctly. Section 9 of the Wills Act 1837 does not care who drafted the document.
  • Can I write my own will?Yes in England and Wales. Validity comes from correct signing, not who drafted it. The risk is mistakes, not legality.
  • Do I need a solicitor for a will?Most straightforward estates do not. Use a solicitor for tax, trusts, foreign assets, blended families or a likely dispute.
  • Does SwiftWill work in Scotland?No. SwiftWill is England and Wales only. Scotland and Northern Ireland have different will law. Do not use our documents there.
  • How much does a will cost in the UK?UK will prices from free charity schemes to £300+ solicitors. SwiftWill is £35 once. Full 2026 provider table.
  • Free will template UKFree wills: England and Wales template with signing instructions. Only for the simplest estates — everything to one person.
  • Where to store a willKeep the wet-ink original safe and tell your executors. Never use a bank safe-deposit box — probate needs the will first.
  • Changing your willA fresh will that revokes the old one is cleaner than a codicil. Marriage still cancels a will unless made in contemplation of it.
  • Name change and your willChange your name in England and Wales by deed poll, then remake your will. Instant Deed Poll is £14.99. SwiftWill updates stay free.

If you die without a will

  • Intestacy rules UKWho inherits if you die without a will in England and Wales. Spouse £322,000 statutory legacy. Unmarried partners inherit nothing.
  • Wills for unmarried couplesNo common-law marriage in England and Wales. An unmarried partner inherits nothing without a will. Mirror wills at £55.
  • Can stepchildren inherit?Not under intestacy, unless legally adopted. A will is the only reliable way to leave them anything in England and Wales.
  • UK will statisticsWill ownership, intestacy, record IHT receipts and probate grants — each figure sourced and dated. Cite this page.

Family situations

  • Writing a will with childrenName guardians, choose trustees, and set the age children inherit (18, 21 or 25). When an online will is the wrong tool.
  • Mirror wills for couples — £55Two matching wills for a couple, £55 for both, instant download, free updates. Not binding on the survivor — when to skip them.
  • Do both spouses need a will?Yes. A will belongs to one person. Intestacy does not leave everything to a surviving spouse when there are children.
  • Does marriage revoke a will?Yes in England and Wales, unless the will was made in contemplation of that marriage. Make a new will after you marry.
  • Does divorce affect a will?Divorce does not revoke a will, but your ex is treated as having died on the decree absolute. Make a new will after divorce.
  • Can I disinherit someone?Yes, England and Wales allows testamentary freedom. The Inheritance Act 1975 still lets some dependants claim reasonable provision.

Executors, gifts and the document

  • What is an executor?The person who carries out your will: value the estate, apply for probate, pay debts and tax, then distribute what remains.
  • Can an executor be a beneficiary?Yes — it is the most common arrangement. They must not witness the will, or their gift fails. Substitutes still matter.
  • Can a beneficiary witness a will?They can physically witness — the will stays valid — but their gift is void under Wills Act 1837 s.15. Use independent witnesses.
  • What is a beneficiary?Anyone who inherits under a will — specific gifts, cash sums or a share of the residue. Witnesses who inherit lose the gift.
  • What is a residuary estate?Everything left after debts, funeral costs, tax and specific gifts. Most of the value of a typical will sits here.
  • What is a codicil?A formal amendment to a will, signed and witnessed like the will itself. A fresh will is usually cleaner.
  • What is a letter of wishes?A non-binding note kept with your will. It guides executors and guardians without being legally enforceable.
  • Leave money to charity in a willCharity gifts are IHT-exempt. Leaving 10% or more of the net estate can cut the IHT rate from 40% to 36%. How to do it.
  • Digital legacy after deathPhotos, email, social media and crypto are not covered by a will automatically. How to leave access instructions that work.

After a death

  • What to do when someone diesUK checklist: medical certificate, register within 5 days, Tell Us Once, funeral, find the will, then probate if needed.
  • How to register a deathRegister within 5 days at the local register office. Certificates £12.50. The registrar gives you a Tell Us Once reference.
  • Tell Us OnceOne reference reports a death to DWP, HMRC, Passport Office, DVLA and the council. The registrar gives you the number.
  • What is probate?Probate is legal authority to deal with an estate. £526 court fee over £5,000. When you need it and when you do not.
  • Do I need probate?Joint assets usually pass automatically. Sole-name property almost always needs a grant. Bank thresholds vary widely.
  • How long does probate take?The grant typically takes 4–12 weeks after a digital application. Full administration is usually 6–12 months.
  • Probate costs UKCourt fee £526 for estates over £5,000 (from 13 July 2026) plus £1.50 copies. DIY vs solicitor cost ranges.
  • Executor checklistUK executor tasks in order: first week, valuing the estate, tax forms, applying for the grant, collecting assets, distributing.
  • Bank accounts after a deathSole accounts freeze; joint accounts pass to the survivor. Banks pay funeral costs from the estate. Thresholds and probate rules.
  • What happens to debt when you die?Debts are paid from the estate before anyone inherits. Family does not personally inherit most unsecured debts.
  • Bereavement support in the UKPractical steps after a death — register, Tell Us Once, probate — plus free UK grief support services. No sign-up.

Tools and comparisons

  • Intestacy flowchartAnswer a few questions to see who inherits under England and Wales intestacy rules if there is no valid will.
  • Will signing checklistPrintable Wills Act 1837 signing checklist: two witnesses, wet ink, one room. Who must not witness, and the mistakes that void a will.
  • Probate checkerAnswer two or three questions on property, joint assets and savings to see whether an estate is likely to need probate.
  • Inheritance tax calculatorFree England and Wales IHT calculator: £325,000 nil-rate band plus £175,000 residence band, 40% above the threshold.
  • Probate fees estimatorEstate value to 2026 court fee (£526 over £5,000) plus a simple IHT allowance sketch. Not a tax return.
  • Solicitor vs online will costCompare 20-year cost of a high-street solicitor will against SwiftWill's £35 once with free lifetime updates.
  • Compare UK online will servicesSide-by-side comparisons of SwiftWill, Farewill, Make a Will Online, Co-op and FreeWills — price, speed, updates and upsells.
  • Wills Bill trackerLaw Commission draft Wills Bill (16 May 2025): electronic wills, remote witnessing, marriage no longer revokes. Not yet law.
  • Lasting power of attorneyAn LPA lets people you trust act while you are alive but lack capacity. A will only acts after death. Most adults need both.

Frequently asked questions

Where should I start if I have not made a will?

Read how to make a will in the UK, then whether an online will is legal, then the solicitor honesty check. If your estate is straightforward, make the will for £35 and follow the signing guide. If you are unmarried, start with the unmarried-couples guide instead — intestacy leaves your partner nothing.

Are these guides legal advice?

No. They are general information for England and Wales, checked against gov.uk and legislation.gov.uk. Situation-specific advice is a solicitor. We say so on every page.

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Written by Marcus Kaiser, Legal Content Lead at SwiftWill. Checked against gov.uk and legislation.gov.uk. Last reviewed 12 August 2026. SwiftWill provides legal information and software for England & Wales under Section 9 of the Wills Act 1837. Figures are taken from gov.uk, legislation.gov.uk and HMCTS, checked 12 August 2026. We have not given you legal advice — this is general information.